Base64 vs Base58 Encoding

By Lane Wagner – @wagslane on Twitter

Base64 is one of the most popular encoding formats for representing data. Have some binary data? Base64 encode it for convenient readability and parsing. Base58 is just another encoding format (with 58 characters instead of 64, and has gained popularity largely due to Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

When it comes to data encoding, there is typically a trade-off made between:

  • Human Readability: Do humans have a good idea of what is being represented at a glance?
  • Efficient data compression: How many bytes are used to represent the same data?

Let’s rank Base58, Base64, and ASCII encoding against each other using these metrics!

First: A Note on Binary

All data is stored in a raw binary format on computers. These encoding formats (Base64, Base58, and ASCII) are just different ways of reading and writing binary data. For example, in Base64 the binary code 000000 represents the letter A, but in ASCII the binary 00000000 represents the NUL character.

ASCII Encoding

Human Readability Rank: 1st

Not all human language characters are possible using ASCII, but the most important ones are. ASCII is meant to be used in applications that need a simple way to represent Latin-based text, the Arabic numerals, and formatting characters like newlines and spacing. ASCII is based on how typewriters worked in the pre-computer days.

Data Compression Rank: 3rd

Each character (typically) takes an entire byte (8 bits) of data. In order to represent the NUL character, we need to store 00000000, which is a lot of wasted zeros! It is worth noting that ASCII can work with only 7 bits, but because computers work in base-2, it is more simple to use a full byte.

You could also call ASCII Base128 because its alphabet is made up of 128 characters.

Base64

Human Readability Rank: 3rd

Base64 is designed to carry data stored in binary formats across channels that only reliably support text content

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base64

Base64 was essentially designed to trick computers… kind of. When we have binary but are only allowed to transport or display text, Base64 is a great choice.

Data Compression Rank: 2nd

Each character only takes 6 bits of data, and a padding character, =, is used to round to the nearest multiple of 4.

Base58

Human Readability Rank: 2nd

Base58 was invented by Satoshi Nakamoto, the anonymous creator of Bitcoin. The goal was to get data compression levels comparable to that of Base64 but to make it easier for humans to read by eliminating characters that look similar like 0 (zero), O (capital o), I (capital i), l (lower case L). Alphanumeric characters + (plus) and / (slash) were also omitted for readability.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base58

Data Compression Rank: 3rd

Very similar to that of Base64, but due to 6 fewer characters, not quite as efficient. Additionally, the parsing is slightly more awkward due to the base not being a power of 2.

Thanks For Reading!

Lane on Twitter: @wagslane

Lane on Dev.to: wagslane

Download Qvault: https://qvault.io

The post Base64 vs Base58 Encoding appeared first on Qvault.



source https://qvault.io/2020/03/03/base64-vs-base58-encoding/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=base64-vs-base58-encoding

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Why is Exclusive Or (XOR) Important in Cryptography?

Image
If you are getting into cryptography, or just trying to understand the fundamentals, you may have noticed that the exclusive-or operation is used quite often, especially in ciphers. What is XOR ( ⊕ )? XOR, or “exclusive or” operates on binary data. It returns true if both of its inputs are opposites (one false and one true), otherwise, it returns false. An example in go code would be something like: func exclusiveOr(a bool, b bool) bool { return a != b } XOR Cipher – The Perfect Cipher The XOR operation can be used as a simple cipher for encrypting and decrypting messages with a single key. This is known as symmetric encryption. It is interesting to note that if: The key is the same size as the message The key is kept secret and generated truly randomly Then the cipher is impossible to crack. This is known as a one time pad . However, a simple XOR shouldn’t be used in production due to the key length needing to be too long to be practical. Cipher Example A
Read more

(Very) Basic Intro to Hash Functions (SHA-256, MD-5, etc)

Image
This is going to be a basic introduction to hash functions. I will assume most of my audience is here to gain an understanding of why hash functions are used and the basic idea of why they work. My goal is to explain it in a general sense, I will be omitting proofs and implementation details and instead focusing on the high-level principles. Why Use A Hash Function? Hash functions are used all over the internet in order to securely store passwords, find duplicate records, quickly store and retrieve data, and more. For example,  Qvault  uses hashes to extend master passwords into private encryption keys. A longer list of uses here:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function#Uses I want to focus on several important features of hash functions, arguably the most important features. Hash functions scramble data deterministically No matter the input, the output of a hash function always has the same size The original data can not be retrieved from the scrambled data (one-way f
Read more