I Wrote Go-TinyDate, The Missing Golang Date Package

March 23, 2020

time.Time makes dealing with dates and times in Go a breeze, and it even comes bundled in the standard library! However, a time.Time{} struct uses more than 24 bytes of memory under most conditions, and I’ve run into situations where I need to store millions of them in memory, but all I really needed was a UTC date! Go-TinyDate solves this with just 4 bytes of memory.

Star the Github! https://github.com/lane-c-wagner/go-tinydate

How?

Let’s look at the time.Time struct:

type Time struct {
        wall uint64 // 8 bytes
        ext  int64 // b bytes
        loc *Location // 8 bytes if not nil, plus location memory
}

type Location struct {
        name string // unlimited
        zone []zone // unlimited
        tx   []zoneTrans // unlimited
        cacheStart int64 // 8 bytes
        cacheEnd   int64 // 8 bytes
        cacheZone  *zone // 8 bytes if not nil, plus zone
}

type zone struct {
        name   string // unlimited
        offset int    // 4-8 bytes depending on OS
        isDST  bool   // 1 bit
}

type zoneTrans struct {
        when         int64 // 8 bytes
        index        uint8 // 1 byte
        isstd, isutc bool  // 1 bit
}

https://golang.org/src/time/time.go?s=6278:7279#L117

As you can see, depending on how the TimeZone is set, there can be quite a bit of memory allocated just to store a time.Time. Even if there is no location set, the lower-bound is still 16 bytes.

Contrast with a tinydate.TinyDate{}:

type TinyDate struct {
        year uint16 // 2 byte
        month uint8 // 1 byte
        day uint8 // 1 byte
}

Only 4 bytes! We give up the ability to track anything more specific than the date, but often that is all we need.

Quick Start

Create a date and add to it:

package main

import (
    tinydate "github.com/lane-c-wagner/go-tinydate"
)

func main(){
    td, err := tinydate.New(2020, 04, 3)
        if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err.Error())
    }
    
    td = td.Add(time.Hour * 48)
    fmt.Println(td)
    // prints 2020-04-05
}

Or Cast a time to a tinydate and back:

newTinydate, err := FromTime(time.Now())
if err != nil{
    fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
convertedTime := newTinydate.ToTime()

When Should I Use It?

As the TinyDate Readme states, if you aren’t constrained for resources, better to stick with the standard time.Time. But the following situations can be good reasons to switch to TinyDate:

You are working in embedded systems and every byte counts
You are working on a system that stores thousands of dates, and reducing memory costs by >75% is significant
You are sure you will never need more than date precision

Why No Timezones?

The main reason? Timezones are the most memory heavy part of a time.Time struct, yet the best practice is usually to store dates and times only in UTC. TinyDate stays tiny by always storing dates in UTC, but still gives the ability to calculate dates in other timezones via methods like ParseInLocation FromTime and ToTime.

API

The tinydate.Tinydate API largely mirrors that of time.Time. The only methods missing are the ones that make no sense without timezone or intra-day support. Check out the godoc for reference: https://godoc.org/github.com/lane-c-wagner/go-tinydate

Thanks For Reading

Hit me up on twitter @wagslane if you have any questions or comments.

Lane on Dev.to: wagslane

If you like the package, give it a Star on Github

The post I Wrote Go-TinyDate, The Missing Golang Date Package appeared first on Qvault.

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